SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Nasopharynx at Time of First Infection Among Unvaccinated Individuals: A Secondary Cross-Protocol Analysis of 4 Randomized Trials (2024)

SARS-COV-2 VIRAL LOAD IN THE NASOPHARYNX AT TIME OF FIRST INFECTION AMONG UNVACCINATED INDIVIDUALS: A SECONDARY CROSS-PROTOCOL ANALYSIS OF 4 RANDOMIZED TRIALS

Author

Fisher, Leigh H.
Kee, Jia Jin
Liu, Albert
Espinosa, Claudia M.
Randhawa, April K.
Ludwig, James
Magaret, Craig A.
Robinson, Samuel T.
Gilbert, Peter B.
Hyrien, Ollivier
Kublin, James G.
Rouphael, Nadine
Falsey, Ann R.
Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E.
Sahly, Hana M. El
Grinsztejn, Beatriz
Gray, Glenda E.
Kotloff, Karen L.
Gay, Cynthia L.
Leav, Brett
Hirsch, Ian
Struyf, Frank
Dunkle, Lisa M.
Neuzil, Kathleen M.
Corey, Lawrence
Huang, Yunda
Goepfert, Paul A.
Walsh, Stephen R.
Baden, Lindsey R.
Janes, Holly

Affilliation

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, Washington, USA.
San Francisco Department of Public Health. Bridge HIV. San Francisco, California, USA.
University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine. Tampa USA.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, Washington, USA.
Hope Clinic. Emory University. Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
University of Rochester. Infectious Disease Division. Rochester, New York, USA.
Columbia University Irving Medical Center. Department of Medicine. New York, USA.
Baylor College of Medicine. Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology. Houston, Texas, USA.
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases. STD and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
South African Medical Research Council. Cape Town, South Africa, USA.
University of Maryland School of Medicine. Department of Pediatrics. Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health. Baltimore, USA.
University of North Carolina School of Medicine. Chapel Hill, USA.
Moderna Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Vaccines & Immune Therapies. BioPharmaceuticals R&D. AstraZeneca. Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Janssen Research and Development. Beerse, Belgium.
Novavax Inc. Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
University of Maryland School of Medicine. Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health. Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, Washington, USA.
University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine. Birmingham, USA.
Brigham & Women's Hospital. Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Brigham & Women's Hospital. Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, Washington, USA.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
COVID-19 diagnosis
COVID-19 severity
COVID-19 vaccine efficacy

Citation

FISHER, Leigh H. et al. SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Nasopharynx at Time of First Infection Among Unvaccinated Individuals: A Secondary Cross-Protocol Analysis of 4 Randomized Trials. JAMA Network Open, v. 7, n. 5, p. 1-16, May 2024.

DOI

10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.12835

ISSN

2574-3805

Notes

Collaborators: COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN): Atoya Adams, Eric Miller, Bruce G Rankin, Steven Shinn, Dean Follmann, Jacqueline Miller, Jerald Sadoff, Marshall Nash, Sinikka L Green, Colleen Jacobsen, Jayasree Krishnankutty, Sikhongi Phungwayo, Richard M Glover II, Stacy Slechta, Troy Holdeman, Robyn Hartvickson, Amber Grant, Terry L Poling, Terry D Klein, Thomas C Klein, Tracy R Klein, William B Smith, Richard L Gibson, Jennifer Winbigler, Elizabeth Parker, Priyantha N Wijewardane, Eric Bravo, Jeffrey Thessing, Michelle Maxwell, Amanda Horn, Catherine Mary Healy, Christine Akamine, Laurence Chu, R Michelle Chouteau, Michael J Cotugno, George H Bauer Jr, Greg Hachigian, Masaru Osh*ta, Michael Cancilla, Kristen Kiersey, William Seger, Mohammed Antwi, Allison Green, Anthony Kim, Michael Desjardins, Jennifer A Johnson, Amy Sherman, Judith Borger, Nafisa Saleem, Joel Solis, Martha Carmen Medina, Westly Keating, Edgar Garcia, Cynthia Bueno, Nathan Segall, Douglas S Denham, Thomas Weiss, Ayoade Avworo, Parke Hedges, Cynthia Becher Strout, Rica Santiago, Yvonne Davis, Patty Howenstine, Alison Bondell, Kristin Marks, Tina Wang, Timothy Wilkin, Mary Vogler, Carrie Johnston, Michele P Andrasik, Jessica G Andriesen, Gail Broder, Niles Eaton, Huub G Gelderblom, Rachael McClennen, Nelson Michael, Merlin Robb, Carrie Sopher, Vicki E Miller, Fredric Santiago, Blanca Gomez, Insiya Valika, Amy Starr, Valeria D Cantos, Sheetal Kandiah, Carlos Del Rio, Srilatha Edupuganti, Daniel S Graciaa, Evan J Anderson, Andres Camacho-Gonzalez, Satoshi Kamidani, Christiana A Rostad, Meghan Teherani, David J Diemert, Elissa Malkin, Marc Siegel, Afsoon Roberts, Gary Simon, Bindu Balani, Carolene Stephenson, Steven Sperber, Cristina Cicogna, Marcus J Zervos, Paul Kilgore, Mayur Ramesh, Erica Herc, Kate Zenlea, Abram Burgher, Ann M Milliken, Joseph D Davis, Brendan Levy, Sandra Kelman, Matthew W Doust, Denise Sample, Sandra Erickson, Shane G Christensen, Christopher Matich, James Longe, John Witbeck, James T Peterson, Alexander Clark, Gerald Kelty, Issac Pena-Renteria, Michael J Koren, Darlene Bartilucci, Alpa Patel, Carolyn Tran, Christina Kennelly, Robert Brownlee, Jacob Coleman, Hala Webster, Carlos A Fierro, Natalia Leistner, Amy Thompson, Celia Gonzalez, Lisa A Jackson, Janice Suyehira, Milton Haber, Maria M Regalado, Veronica Procasky, Alisha Lutat, Carl P Griffin, Ripley R Hollister, Jeremy Brown, Melody Ronk, Wayne L Harper, Lisa Cohen, Lynn Eckert, Matthew Hong, Rambod Rouhbakhsh, Elizabeth Danford, John Johnson, Richard Calderone, Shishir K Khetan, Oyebisi Olanrewaju, Nan Zhai, Kimberly Nieves, Allison O'Brien, Paul S Bradley, Amanda Lilienthal, Jim Callis, Adam B Brosz, Andrea Clement, Whitney West, Luke Friesen, Paul Cramer, Frank S Eder, Ryan Little, Victoria Engler, Heather Rattenbury-Shaw, David J Ensz, Allie Oplinger, Brandon J Essink, Jay Meyer, Frederick Raiser 3rd, Kimberly Mueller, Keith W Vrbicky, Charles Harper, Chelsie Nutsch, Wendell Lewis 3rd, Cathy Laflan, Jordan L Whatley, Nicole Harrell, Amie Shannon, Crystal Rowell, Christopher Dedon, Mamodikoe Makhene, Gregory M Gottschlich, Kate Harden, Melissa Gottschlich, Mary Smith, Richard Powell, Murray A Kimmel, Simmy Pinto, Timothy P Vachris, Mark Hutchens, Stephen Daniels, Margaret Wells, Mimi Van Der Leden, Peta-Gay Jackson-Booth, Mira Baron, Pamela Kane, Shannen Seversen, Mara Kryvicky, Julia Lord, Jamshid Saleh, Matthew Miles, Rafael Lupercio, John W McGettigan Jr, Walter Patton, Riemke Brakema, Karin Choquette, Jonlyn McGettigan, Judith L Kirstein, Marcia Bernard, Mary Beth Manning, Joan Rothenberg, Toby Briskin, Denise Roadman, Sharita Tedder-Edwards, Howard I Schwartz, Surisday Mederos, Shobha Swaminathan, Amesika Nyaku, Tilly Varughese, Michelle DallaPiazza, Sharon E Frey, Irene Graham, Getahun Abate, Daniel Hoft, Leland N Allen 3rd, Leslie A Edwards, William S Davis Jr, Jessica M Mena, Mark E Kutner, Jorge Caso, Maria Hernandez Moran, Marianela Carvajal, Janet Mendez, Larkin T Wadsworth 3rd, Michael R Adams, Leslie Iverson, Joseph L Newberg, Laura Pearlman, Paul J Nugent, Michele D Reynolds, Jennifer Bashour, Robert Schmidt, Neil P Sheth, Kenneth Steil, Ramy J Toma, William Kirby, Pink Folmar, Samantha Williams, Paul Pickrell, Stefanie Mott, Carol Ann Linebarger, Hussain Malbari, David Pampe, Veronica G Fragoso, Lisa Holloway, Cecilia McKeown-Bragas, Teresa Becker, Barton G Williams, William H Jones, Jesse L Clark, Steven Shoptaw, Michele Vertucci, Will Hernandez, Stephen A Spector, Amaran Moodley, Jill Blumenthal, Lisa Stangl, Karen Deutsch, Kathleen M Mullane, David Pitrak, Cheryl Nuss, Judy Pi, Carl Fichtenbaum, Margaret Powers-Fletcher, Michelle Saemann, Sharon Kohrs, Thomas B Campbell, Andrew Lauria, Jose C Mancilla, Hillary Dunlevy, Richard M Novak, Andrea Wendrow, Scott Borgetti, Ben Ladner, Matthew Laurens, Lisa Chrisley, Cheryl Young, Susanne Doblecki-Lewis, Maria L Alcaide, Jose Gonzales-Zamora, Stephen Morris, David Wohl, Joseph Eron Jr, Ian Frank, Debora Dunbar, David Metzger, Florence Momplaisir, Judith Martin, Alejandro Hoberman, Timothy Shope, Gysella Muniz, Richard Rupp, Amber Stanford, Megan Berman, Laura Porterfield, Michael Lewis, Elham Ghadishah, Joseph Yusin, Mai Pham, Clarence B Creech 2nd, Shannon Walker, Stephanie Rolsma, Robert Samuels, Isaac Thomsen, Spyros A Kalams, Greg Wilson, Gregg H Lucksinger, Kevin Parks, Ryan Israelsen, Jaleh Ostovar, Kary Kelly, Jeffrey S Overcash, Hanh Chu, Kia Lee, Luis I De La Cruz, Steve Clemons, Elizabeth Everette, Suzanna Studdard, Gowdhami Mohan, Stefanie Tyson, Alyssa-Kay Peay, Danyel Johnson, Gregory J Feldman, May-Yin Suen, Jacqueline Muenzner, Joseph Boscia, Farhan Siddiqui, John Sanders, James Peaco*ck, Julio Nasim, Michael L Levin, Julie Hussey, Marcy Kulic, Mark M McKenzie, Teresa Deese, Erica Osmundsen, Christy Sweet, Valentine M Ebuh, Elwaleed Elnagar, Georgette Ebuh, Genevieve Iwuala, Laurie J Han-Conrad, Todd Simmons, Denis Tarakjian, Jeremy Ackermann, Mark S Adams, José O Alemán, Mohamed S Al-Ibrahim, David R Andes, Jeb Andrews, Roberto C Arduino, Martín Bäcker, Diana Badillo, Emma Bainbridge, Teresa A Batteiger, Jose A Bazan, Roger J Bedimo, Jorge A Benitez, Annette R Bennett, David I Bernstein, Kristin Bialobok, Rebecca Boas, Judith Brady, Angela R Branche, Cynthia Brown, Catherine A Bunce, Robert S Call, Wesley Campbell, Ellie Carmody, Christopher Carpenter, Steven E Carsons, Marvin Castellon, Mario Castro, Hannah Catan, Jennifer Chang, Mouna G Chebib, Corey M Chen, Margaret Cheng, Brian D W Chow, Annie Ciambruschini, Joseph P Connor, James H Conway, Maureen Cooney, Marcel Curlin, Claudia De La Matta Rodriguez, Jon F Dedon, Emily Degan, Michelle Dickey, Craig Dietz, Jennifer L Dong, Brenda Dorcely, Michael P Dube, Carmel B Dyer, Benjamin Eckhardt, Edward Ellerbeck, Evan C Ewers, Amy Falk, Brittany Feijoo, Uriel R Felsen, Tom Fiel, David Fitz-Patrick, Charles M Fogarty, Stacy Ford, Lina M Forero, Elizabeth Formentini, Doris Franco-Vitteri, Robert W Frenck Jr, Elie Gharib, Suzanne Gharib, Rola G Rucker, James N Goldenberg, Luis H González, Brett Gray, Rusty Greene, Robert M Grossberg, Juan V Guanira-Carranza, Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros Benavides, Clint C Guillory, Shauna H Gunaratne, David Halpert, Holli Hamilton, William R Hartman, Timothy J Hatlen, Sheryl L Henderson, Ramin Herati, Laura Hernandez Guarin, Robin Hilder, Ken Ho, Leila Hojat, Sybil G Hosek, Jeffrey M Jacobson, Melanie Jay, Diane H Johnson, Kathleen S Jones, Edward C Jones-López, Jessica E Justman, Scott Kahney, Lois Katz, Melinda Katz, Daniel Kaul, Michael C Keefer, Ashley Kennedy, Jennifer Knishinsky, Laura Kogelman, Susan L Koletar, Angelica Kottkamp, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Raphael J Landovitz, Jessica L Lee, Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena Zegarra, Anna S Lok, James Lovell, Ronald Lubelchek, John Lucaj, Gary Luckasen, Annie Luetkemeyer, Njira Lucia Lugogo, Janine Maenza, Carlos Malvestutto, Monica Mauri, Ryan C Maves, Kenneth H Mayer, Michael J McCartney, Margaret E McCort, M Juliana McElrath, Meredith McNairy, Fernando L Merino, Eric A Meyerowitz, Carol L Mitchell, Cynthia L Monaco, Sauda Muhammad, Sigridh Muñoz-Gómez, Sonal Munsiff, Paul Nee, Nicole L Nollen, Asif Noor, Claudio Nuñez Lagos, Jason F Okulicz, Patrick A Oliver, Jessica Ortega, Steven Palmer, Lalitha Parameswaran, Purvi Parikh, Susan Parker, Reza Parungao, Juana R Pavie, Rebecca P Madan, Henry Peralta, Jennifer Petts, Kristen K Pierce, E Javier Pretell Alva, Lawrence J Purpura, Vanessa Raabe, Sergio E Recuenco, Tamara Richards, Sharon A Riddler, Barbara Rizzardi, Rachel Rokser, Charlotte-Paige Rolle, Adam Rosen, Jeffrey Rosen, Lena R Freese, María E Santolaya, Linda M Schipani, Adam Schwartz, Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt, Hyman Scott, Beverly E Sha, Shivanjali Shankaran, Adrienne E Shapiro, Stephan C Sharp, Bo Shopsin, Matthew D Sims, Stephanie Skipper, Derek M Smith, Michael J Smith, M Mahdee Sobhanie, Brit Sovic, Stephanie Sterling, Robert Striker, Karla Beatriz Tafur Bances, Kawsar R Talaat, Edward M Tavel Jr, Hong V Tieu, Christian Tomaszewski, Ryan Tomlinson, Juan P Torres, Julian A Torres, John J Treanor, Sade Tukuru, Robert J Ulrich, Gregory C Utz, Veronica Viar, Roberto A Viau Colindres, Edward E Walsh, Mary C Walsh, Emmanuel B Walter, Jessica L Weidler, Yi H Wu, Kinara S Yang, Juan Luis Yrivarren Giorza, Arthur L Zemanek, Kevin Zhang, Barry S Zingman, Richard Gorman, Carmen A Paez, Edith Swann, Simbarashe G Takuva, Alex Greninger, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Robert W Coombs, Keith R Jerome, Flora Castellino, Xiaomi Tong, Corrina Pavetto, Teletha Gipson, Tina Tong, Marina Lee, James Zhou, Michael Fay, Kelly McQuarrie, Chimeremma Nnadi, Obiageli Sogbetun, Nina Ahmad, Ian De Proost, Cyrus Hoseyni, Paul Coplan, Najat Khan, Peter Ronco, Dawn Furey, Jodi Meck, Johan Vingerhoets, Boerries Brandenburg, Jerome Custers, Jenny Hendriks, Jarek Juraszek, Anne Marit de Groot, Griet Van Roey, Dirk Heerwegh, Ilse Van Dromme, Jorge F Méndez Galván, Monica B Carrascal, Adriana Sordo Duran, Laura Ruy Sanchez Guerrero, Martha Cecilia Gómora Madrid, Alejandro Quintín Barrat Hernández, Sharzhaad Molina Guizar, Denisse Alejandra González Estrada, Silvano Omar Martínez Pérez, Zindy Yazmín Zárate Hinojosa, Guillermo Miguel Ruiz-Palacios, Aurelio Cruz-Valdez, Janeth Pacheco-Flores, Anyela Lara, Secia Díaz-Miralrio, María José Reyes Fentanes, Jocelyn Zuleica Olmos Vega, Daniela Pineda Méndez, Karina Cano Martínez, Winniberg Stephany Alvarez León, Vida Veronica Ruiz Herrera, Eduardo Gabriel Vázquez Saldaña, Laura Julia Camacho Choza, Karen Sofia Vega Orozco, Sandra Janeth Ortega Domínguez, Jorge A Chacón, Juan J Rivera, Erika A Cutz, Maricruz E Ortegón, María I Rivera, David Browder, Cortney Burch, Terri Moye, Paul Bondy, Lesley Browder, Rickey D Manning, James W Hurst, Rodney E Sturgeon, Paul H Wakefield, John A Kirby, James Andersen, Szheckera Fearon, Rosa Negron, Amy Medina, John M Hill, Vivek Rajasekhar, Hayes Williams, LaShondra Cade, Rhodna Fouts, Connie Moya, Corey G Anderson, Naomi Devine, James Ramsey, Ashley Perez, David Tatelbaum, Michael Jacobs, Kathleen Menasche, Vincent Mirkil, Peter J Winkle, Amina Z Haggag, Michelle Haynes, Marysol Villegas, Sabina Raja, Robert Riesenberg, Stanford Plavin, Mark Lerman, Leana Woodside, Maria Johnson, C Mary Healy, Jennifer A Whitaker, Wendy A Keitel, Robert L Atmar, Gary Horwith, Robin Mason, Lisa Johnson, Tambra Dora, Deborah Murray, Logan Ledbetter, Beverly Ewing, Kathryn E Stephenson, Chen S Tan, Rebecca Zash, Jessica L Ansel, Kate Jaegle, Caitlin J Guiney, Jeffrey A Henderson, Marcia O'Leary, Kendra Enright, Jill Kessler, Pete duch*eneaux, Asha Inniss, Donald M Brandon, William B Davis, Daniel T Lawler, Yaa D Oppong, Ryan P Starr, Scott N Syndergaard, Rozeli Shelly, Mashrur Islam Majumder, Danny Sugimoto, Jeffrey Dugas Sr, Dolores Rijos, Sandra Shelton, Stephan Hong, Howard Schwartz, Nelia Sanchez-Crespo, Jennifer Schwartz, Terry Piedra, Barbara Corral, Carmen Medina, Michael E Dever, Mitul Shah, Michael Delgado, Tameika Scott, Lisa S Usdan, Lora J McGill, Valerie K Arnold, Carolyn Scatamacchia, Codi M Anthony, Rajan Merchant, Anelgine C Yoon, Janet Hill, Lucy Ng-Price, Teri Thompson-Seim, Ronald Ackerman, Jamie Ackerman, Florida Aristy, Nzeera Ketter, Jon Finley, Mildred Stull, Monica Murray, Zainab Rizvi, Sonia Guerrero, Yogesh K Paliwal, Amit Paliwal, Sarah Gordon, Bryan Gordon, Cynthia Montano-Pereira, Christopher Galloway, Candice Montros, Lily Aleman, Samira Shairi, Wesley Van Ever, George H Freeman, Esther L Harmon, Marshall A Cross, Kacie Sales, Catherine Q Gular, Matthew Hepburn, Nathan Alderson, Shana Harshell, Siham Mahgoub, Celia Maxwell, Thomas Mellman, Karl M Thompson, Glenn Wortman, Jeff Kingsley, April Pixler, LaKondria Curry, Sarah Afework, Austin Swanson, Jeffry Jacqmein, Maggie Bowers, Dawn Robison, Victoria Mosteller, Janet Garvey, Mary Easley, Rebecca J Kurnat, Raymond Cornelison, Shanda Gower, William Schnitz, Destiny S Heinzig-Cartwright, Derek Lewis, Fred E Newton, Aeiress Duhart, Breanz Watkins, Brandy Ball, Jill York, Shelby Pickle, David B Musante, William P Silver, Linda R Belhorn, Nicholas A Viens, David Dellaero, Priti Patel, Kendra Lisec, Beth Safirstein, Luz Zapata, Lazaro Gonzalez, Evelyn Quevedo, Farah Irani, Joseph Grillo, Amy Potts, Julie White, Patrick Flume, Gary Headden, Brandie Taylor, Ashley Warden, Amy Chamberlain, Robert Jeanfreau, Susan Jeanfreau, Paul G Matherne, Amy Caldwell, Jessica Stahl, Mandy Vowell, Lauren Newhouse, Vladimir Berthaud, Zudi-Mwak Takizala, Genevieve Beninati, Kimberly Snell, Sherrie Baker, James Walker, Tavane Harrison, Meagan Miller, Janet Otto, Roni Gray, Christine Wilson, Tiffany Nemecek, Hannah Harrington, Sally Eppenbach, Wendell Lewis, Tana Bourgeois, Lyndsea Folsom, Gregory Holt, Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Rafael Calderon, Paola Lichtenberger, Jalima Quintero, Becky Martinez, Lilly Immergluck, Erica Johnson, Austin Chan, Norberto Fas, LaTeshia Thomas-Seaton, Saadia Khizer, Jonathan Staben, Tatiana Beresnev, Maryam Jahromi, Mary A Marovich, Julia Hutter, Martha Nason, Julie Ledgerwood, John Mascola, Mark Leibowitz, Fernanda Morales, Mike Delgado, Rosario Sanchez, Norma Vega, Germán Áñez, Gary Albert, Erin Coston, Chinar Desai, Haoua Dunbar, Mark Eickhoff, Jenina Garcia, Margaret Kautz, Angela Lee, Maggie Lewis, Alice McGarry, Irene McKnight, Joy Nelson, Patrick Newingham, Patty Price-Abbott, Patty Reed, Diana Vegas, Bethanie Wilkinson, Katherine Smith, Wayne Woo, Iksung Cho, Gregory M Glenn, Filip Dubovsky, David L Fried, Lynne A Haughey, Ariana C Stanton, Lisa Stevens Rameaka, David Rosenberg, Lee Tomatsu, Viviana Gonzalez, Millie Manalo, Bernard Grunstra, Donald Quinn, Phillip Claybrook, Shelby Olds, Amy Dye, Kevin D Cannon, Mesha M Chadwick, Bailey Jordan, Morgan Hussey, Hannah Nevarez, Colleen F Kelley, Michael Chung, Caitlin Moran, Paulina Rebolledo, Christina Bacher, Elizabeth Barranco-Santana, Jessica Rodriguez, Rafael Mendoza, Karen Ruperto, Odette Olivieri, Enrique Ocaña, Paul E Wylie, Renea Henderson, Natasa Jenson, Fan Yang, Amy Kelley, Kenneth Finkelstein, David Beckmann, Tanya Hutchins, Sebastian Garcia Escallon, Kristen Johnson, Teresa S Sligh, Parul Desai, Vincent Huynh, Carlos Lopez, Erika Mendoza, Jeffrey Adelglass, Jerome G Naifeh, Kristine J Kucera, Waseem Chughtai, Shireen H Jaffer, Matthew G Davis, Jennifer Foley, Michelle L Burgett, Tammi L Shlotzhauer, Sarah M Ingalsbe-Geno, Daniel Duncanson, Kelly Kush, Lori Nesbitt, Cora Sonnier, Jennifer McCarter, Michael B Butcher, James Fry, Donna Percy, Karen Freudemann, Bruce C Gebhardt, Padma N Mangu, Debra B Schroeck, Rajesh K Davit, Gayle D Hennekes, Benjamin J Luft, Melissa Carr, Sharon Nachman, Alison Pellecchia, Candace Smith, Bruno Valenti, Maria I Bermudez, Noris Peraita, Ernesto Delgado, Alicia Arrazcaeta, Natalie Ramirez, Carmen Amador, Horacio Marafioti, Lyly Dang, Lauren Clement, Jennifer Berry, Mohammed Allaw, Georgettea Geuss, Chelsea Miles, Zachary Bittner, Melody Werne, Cornell Calinescu, Shannon Rodman, Joshua Rindt, Erin Cooksey, Kristina Harrison, Deanna Cooper, Manisha Horton, Amanda Philyaw, William Jennings, Hilario Alvarado, Michele Baka, Malina Regalado, Linda Murray, Sherif Naguib, Justin Singletary, Sha-Wanda Richmond, Sarah Omodele, Emily Oppenheim, Reuben Martinez, Victoria Andriulis, Leonard Singer, Jeanne Blevins, Meagan Thomas, Christine Hull, Isabel Pereira, Gina Rivero, Tracy Okonya, Frances Downing, Paulina Miller, Margaret Rhee, Katherine Stapleton, Jeffrey Klein, Rosamond Hong, Suzanne Swan, Tami Wahlin, Elizabeth Bennett, Amy Salzl, Sharine Phan, Jewel J White, Amanda Occhino, Ruth Paiano, Morgan McLaughlin, Elisa Swieboda, Veronica Garcia-Fragoso, Maria G Becerra, Toni White, Christine B Turley, Andrew McWilliams, Tiffany Esinhart, Natasha Montoya, Shamika Huskey, Leena Paul, Karen Tashima, Jennie Johnson, Marguerite Neill, Martha Sanchez, Natasha Rybak, Maria Mileno, Stuart H Cohen, Monica Ruiz, 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Lane, Anna Wald, Frank James, Elizabeth Duke, Kirsten Hauge, Jessica Heimonen, Erin A Goecker, Youyi Fong, Carol Kauffman, Kathleen Linder, Kimberly Nofz, Andrew McConnell, Robert J Buynak, Angella Webb, Taryn Petty, Stephanie Andree, Erica Sanchez, Nolan Mackey, Clarisse Baudelaire, Sarah Dzigiel, Adrienna Marquez, Kim Quillin, Michelle King, Vanessa Abad, Jennifer Knowles, Michael Waters, Karla Zepeda, Jordan Coslet, Dalia Tovar, Marian E Shaw, Mark A Turner, Cory J Huffine, Esther S Huffine, Julie A Ake, Elizabeth Secord, Eric McGrath, Phillip Levy, Brittany Stewart, Charnell Cromer, Ayanna Walters, Grant Ellsworth, Caroline Greene, Sarah Galloway, Shashi Kapadia, Elliot DeHaan, Clint Wilson, Jason Milligan, Danielle Raley, Joseph Bocchini, Bruce McClenathan, Mary Hussain, Evelyn Lomasney, Evelyn Hall, Sherry Lamberth, Christy Schmeck, Vickie Leathers.

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Nasopharynx at Time of First Infection Among Unvaccinated Individuals: A Secondary Cross-Protocol Analysis of 4 Randomized Trials (2024)
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